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Monday, September 29, 2008

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SpaceX Did It -- Falcon 1 Made it to Space

By Aaron Rowe Email

Orbit

SpaceX has made history. Its privately developed rocket has made it into space.

After three failed launches, the company founded by Elon Musk worked all of the bugs out of their Falcon 1 launch vehicles.

The entire spectacle was broadcast live from Kwajalein Atoll in the South Pacific. Cameras mounted on the spacecraft showed our planet shrinking in the distance and the empty first stage engine falling back to Earth.

As the rocket ascended, cheers rang out during every crucial step of the launch sequence, and at the final stage their headquarters in Hawthorne, California erupted in excitement. (Wired.com viewed the launch over the Internet on SpaceX's live webcast.)

The tensest moment came just before stage separation. At that critical juncture, the third launch attempt had failed. This time, it worked out perfectly.

Eight minutes after leaving the ground, Falcon 1 reached a speed of 5200 meters per second and passed above the International Space Station.

"I don't know what to say... because my mind is just blown," said Musk, during a brief address to his staff after the successful launch. "This is just the first step of many."

The feat is a giant leap forward for privately-funded space ventures, and follows the spectacular 2004 suborbital flight of SpaceShipOne. (See related Wired Science story: "Space Visionaries Prove Naysayers Wrong - Again".)

Musk seemed almost overcome with emotion. In the coming years, his company will try to make space transportation ten times cheaper and more reliable.

After making a fortune as the co-founder of PayPal, he recruited some of the best aerospace engineers in the world and challenged them to build a launch vehicle from scratch.

SpaceX had scrubbed its fourth launch attempt just a week earlier to swap out a liquid oxygen feed line, signaling the extreme caution of the group after three failed tries.

Falcon 1's first flight in 2006 lasted less than a minute, the second flight in 2007 fired for 7.5 minutes, and the third flight last month encountered a staging separation anomaly just shy of three minutes.

The team's analysis of Flight 3 suggested they didn't wait long enough after the first-stage engine was done firing to separate it from the second stage.

The recently beefed-up, first-stage Merlin engine had more kick in it than the previous version of the engine, and after separation still had enough energy to run into the second stage above it, sending it tumbling off course.

The solution: add more of a delay after the first-stage engine stops firing before separation to ensure a clean break.

With Flight 4 under its belt, SpaceX is gearing up for additional launches in 2009. Flight 5 could fly as soon as January, Flight 6 parts are on order and Flight 7 production will begin in early 2009.

Falcon 1 is a two stage rocket powered by liquid oxygen enriched rocket-grade kerosene, using two engines designed by SpaceX itself.

The first stage is powered by a single Merlin 1C engine, based partly on the engine used in the Apollo lunar lander. The engine uses a so-called open cycle system, in which some of the propellant is used to power the engine pumps and then exhausted separately, while the rest of the propellant flows through the main combustion chamber.

The first stage carries a parachute and is designed to be recoverable, although this has not yet worked out in practice.

The second stage uses a single SpaceX-designed Kestrel engine, also fueled by a mixture of liquid oxygen and kerosene, but with a simpler design and significantly less power. It is not recoverable.

In addition to Falcon 1, SpaceX is planning a second model two-stage, Merlin-powered rocket known as Falcon 9. It is expected to cost $35 million USD, and is designed to boost 9,900 kg to low earth orbit, and 4,900 kg to geostationary transfer orbit. SpaceX is also planning a Falcon 9 Heavy model capable of carrying bigger payloads, and also a space craft with a pressurized cabin unit known as Dragon.

"We're going to get Falcon 9 to orbit next year," said Musk. "The future of SpaceX is really great."

On the Net:

SpaceX: http://www.spacex.com

What does this mean for the future of Space Exploration? Tell us what you think.
Image courtesy of SpaceX
Loretta Hidalgo Whitesides contributed to this report.

Wrigley throws a curve in Cubs sale



Price tag for renovations likely to affect negotiations

Wrigley Field casts a long shadow as prospective buyers review the Cubs' confidential financial records and prepare the next round of bids for the stadium and team.

At issue is not whether the Cubs will remain at the beloved, 94-year-old ballpark, but how much it will cost to preserve and enhance Wrigley. The price that the franchise and stadium fetch will depend largely on how much more revenue can be wrung out of Wrigley.

"The franchise value is a guess on what future profits will be," said Phillip Miller, an associate professor of economics at Minnesota State University-Mankato, who has studied baseball economics. "If you have to gut the place in the extreme case, that would affect the value."

Bidders aren't publicly discussing their plans for the stadium because the sales process is ongoing. But their concerns go beyond maintaining the stadium in a safe condition. Fans and players have expressed the desire for more modern amenities, such as a larger clubhouse and more space for concessions and bathrooms, without losing the vibe and charm of the old ballpark. If a new owner has to privately finance such improvements, fans could see higher ticket and food prices, and even the stadium's sacrosanct name replaced with a corporate sponsor.

The costs of such extensive renovations could run into the hundreds of millions of dollars, an amount that could be a factor in negotiations if a new owner has to spend more than $1 billion, as some experts have estimated, to buy the package of the team, Wrigley Field and related broadcast properties.

But sources close to the bidders acknowledge that without a major ballpark restoration, new sources of revenue for the team are limited. In recent years, Tribune Co. has taken steps to generate more revenue by adding 1,800 bleacher seats, installing a lounge in the bleachers and putting advertising on the outfield doors.

"You can maintain Wrigley Field as is for a period of time," said one source close to a bidder who did not want to be identified. "But the big question isn't maintaining it. Whoever buys the team will have to make a gut check on what do you want the stadium to look like. The fact is there are revenue streams you can add to the stadium, but you got to build them first before you can charge for them."

Cubs Chairman Crane Kenney said any improvements to Wrigley Field and their price tag "depends on how ambitious you are, how much you want to accomplish." Otherwise, he added, "if you just maintain the place, you can play in Wrigley Field certainly though my lifetime, and I'm 46."

Tribune Co. Chairman Sam Zell tried to remove some of the uncertainty about Wrigley Field by entertaining discussions with city and state officials about selling the ballpark to a state agency that owns the White Sox's home. In the proposed deal, the Illinois Sports Finance Authority would have financed extensive renovations that would have included adding concessions and washrooms, building luxury suites and a club lounge. The estimated price tag: $300 million to $400 million.

Zell told prospective buyers that such a deal made good sense because it would have unloaded the burden of fixing Wrigley Field on the state. The deal also made sense for Zell. By selling the stadium separately, he hoped to get top dollar for the assets. Wringing the highest possible price is crucial for Tribune Co., which is weighed down by about $12 billion in debt, largely from Zell's December deal to take the company private.

While the talks between Tribune Co., which owns the Chicago Tribune, and the state broke down in June, the idea of public stewardship of a landmark such as Wrigley Field is not out of the question. People familiar with past discussions don't discount the possibility of a new team owner reopening negotiations with the state over how to finance a Wrigley face-lift. The state has an incentive to participate because Wrigley is one of Illinois' biggest tourist attractions and the hub of a thriving North Side neighborhood.

Even with an antiquated facility, the Cubs are one of the most valuable franchises in Major League Baseball. Wrigley Field is a big reason for that. Even when the team is performing poorly, people pay for the ambience of watching a game in one of baseball's oldest parks, with its ivy-covered walls and vintage scoreboard.

Tribune Co. does not publicly disclose the revenue and expenses generated by the ballpark. But the Chicago Tribune obtained a private appraisal of the stadium done in 2006, before recent improvements, that gives a peek inside the Wrigley cash cow. The Cubs also generate revenue outside of Wrigley, such as television contracts. A Tribune Co. spokesman declined to comment on the numbers.

In 2005, gross revenue from the sale of tickets reached $90.5 million, up from $62.4 million in 2003, an increase of 45 percent. In 2005, the Cubs sold 3.1 million tickets. Since then the team has increased seating capacity to about 42,000 from 39,538. Attendance broke 3.3 million this season.

The average concession revenue per capita has nearly doubled between 1995 and 2005, from $7.56 to $14.56.

Luxury suites are another source of revenue. Rental rates range from $110,000 to $167,000 a year for the 12-seat suites and $145,000 to $182,000 a year for the 15-seat suites. Wrigley has 67 original suites, according to the documents.

There's no hiding the fact the park requires extensive upkeep. In 2005, the Cubs spent $4.9 million in major structural improvements and nearly $2 million more on operating expenses for regular maintenance and repairs at Wrigley. The $6.9 million outlay was more than double the $3.1 million the team spent on renovations and routine maintenance in 2003.

Maintenance expenses increased in 2005 after chunks of concrete fell from upper-deck panels on three occasions during the 2004 season. Based on recommendations of engineers, protective netting was installed to ensure the safety of the fans.

The engineering report found that "the upper-deck precast members should not require replacement in the near term (certainly not in the next 10 years)."

Three years after that report, Kenney said the stadium poses no safety risk. To maintain the structural soundness of the ballpark will not require a "very big capital outlay over the next 10 to 15 years," he said, declining to disclose exact numbers.

Bidders, though, have hired their own engineers to inspect Wrigley Field and draw their own conclusions.

In presentations to prospective buyers, Cubs management has offered ideas to increase revenue from the existing real estate footprint. One possible new source of revenue that has been on the drawing board for a few years is a triangular-shaped building to be constructed on the player parking lot. The building would include parking, restaurants, player facilities and team offices.

"I see everything remaining to be done here as an opportunity," Kenney said.

asachdev@tribune.com

Inflatable Surveillance Balls for Mars

Round robotic sidekicks scout Martian territory for the next generation of rovers

Rolling Over the Red Planet: Photo by John MacNeill (See it bigger!)

By next fall, NASA plans to launch its biggest Red Planet rover yet, the $1.8-billion, SUV-size Mars Research Laboratory. Even though the MRL will be able to haul five times as much equipment as the Spirit and Opportunity rovers that are already on Mars, a group of Swedish researchers say that they could accomplish far more if accompanied by a squad of helper ’bots. Fredrik Bruhn, the CEO of Ångström Aerospace Corporation, and his colleagues have designed the small inflatable scouts to assist bigger, less mobile rovers in their hunt for signs of microbial life on Mars.

Each foot-wide, 11-pound ball can roll up to 62 miles, snap photos at any angle, and take soil samples, drawing its power from the solar panels on its shell. Unlike wheeled rovers, the rounded scouts have fewer motors to repair, never flip over, and are easier to seal from dust. Plus, they rarely get stuck. “The beauty of the system is it needs very little energy to go around rocks, so unless you’re landing on a surface that looks like a bed of nails, it should be fine,” Bruhn says.

In 2004, Bruhn helped found Swedish company Rotundus, whose Earth-based GroundBot is now test-patrolling a harbor in Stockholm. By using GroundBot’s pendulum-propulsion mechanism, swapping in a radiation-proof computer, and designing a lightweight, inflatable shell, he thinks he could produce four of the Mars balls for as little as $6 million. “We just need to assemble the bits and pieces and test it,” says Bruhn, who shows his design to NASA officials this month.

Honda to offer hybrid motorcycles from 2011

Honda Motor Co. will start selling hybrid motorcycles as early as the mid-2010s, and with smaller electric motorcycles coming out as early as 2011, the automaker has announced.

The move is part of Honda's efforts to cope with rising gasoline prices and global warming by applying its 4-wheeled hybrid and battery technology to motorcycles.

Adding a hybrid engine and battery to a motorcycle's traditional internal combustion engine was thought to present too many engineering problems, not least that of size. However, Honda believes that it can shrink a hybrid engine enough to be mounted on a motorcycle frame.

The hybrid motorbikes will be available in engine displacements between 200 and 1,000 cc, and, according to Honda, will be 50 percent more fuel-efficient. Production will be cut by using common components in both hybrid cars and motorcycles.

Honda will also be producing a new line of electric scooters, and a successor to the Cub series motorbikes for commercial use, with an engine size of 50 to 125 cc.

Though with a limited range -- a smaller electric motorcycle will only be able to run about 30 kilometers on one charge -- fuel costs will be smaller than that of a gasoline motorcycle.

(Mainichi Japan) September 28, 2008

Apple to Make iTunes 8 and iPod Completely Accessible to the Blind

Apple has committed to work with the state of Massachusetts to use its VoiceOver technology from Mac OS X to make its iTunes and iPod ecosystem fully usable for the blind. Before the agreement, Apple had already been making strides: VoiceOver and Braille support for OS X and closed captioning for iPod and Apple TV have already been implemented to a degree. But Apple's taking it even further.

The 4G iPod nano features an optional spoken interface to help with audio navigation, and the new hardware includes blind-friendly features like the “shake to shuffle” function (we were wondering who that was for!). Apple's new mic-integrated headphones provide tactile controls on the cable, and can also be used to receive vocal commands. But most importantly, Apple has promised in this agreement to flesh out its compatibility and make iTunes 8 and iTunes U 100% accessible for the blind by the end of the year, as well as donating $250,000 to the Massachusetts Commission for the Blind. As much as I rail against Apple, this is a really worthwhile cause and makes me feel pretty warm and fuzzy towards the White Overlords. [AppleInsider]

The Only Known Photograph of a "Rainbow" P-G Cloud ... WOW!


1. Via and caption: http://www.flickr.com/photos/madebackwards/1579046 ... (www.flickr.com/photos/madebackwards/1579046348/)

2. More details from the photographer: http://www.flickr.com/photos/madebackwards/1579046 ... (www.flickr.com/photos/madebackwards/1579046348/comment72157605589033863/)

3. Prandtl-Glauert (P-G) Cloud Q&A: http://digg.com/general_sciences/Chillin_2?t=19208 ... (digg.com/general_sciences/Chillin_2?t=19208568#c19208568)

Hurricake Ike Moves Fleet of Boats Onto Land (PICS)

Shown here is a small sample of the devastation unleashed upon Port Arthur, TX by Hurricane Ike. Despite the fact that Mainstream Media has moved on people are still in need of your help. Please donate to The American Red Cross.

read more | digg story

Microwaving a White Giant Electra Bulb is a Real BLAST



This is the very first white electra I have microwaved. I have done several smaller blue ones already but none of them exploded like this one did. Microwaving a giant white electra yielded the most spectacular contained microwave explosion I have ever seen. This explosion was so powerful it fragged the microwave door severely. Watch this video all the way through and get ready for the excitement. Remember, microwaving food is for morons.

*Somebody has been going around flagging my microwave videos. When you see this please request Youtube to remove the flags.

Scrabble Tombstone

30 Cool Acer Aspire One Hacks



Ubuntu Netbook Remix

Here’s a comprehensive round up of all the cool hacks and mods for the Aspire One I could dig up from google and several Aspire One forums and blogs. With my thanks to the original authors of these tips and guides.

If you find any others, please share in the comments and we’ll endeavour to update the main article and maintain a comprehensive list of all the best Hacks and Mods for the fabulous Aspire One!

Software Hacks

  1. Linpus Advanced Mode
  2. Minimise Color Banding in X11
  3. Quieter Fan
  4. Speed up SSD Access
  5. Flash Latest BIOS (note: be careful wih this one, as you’ll lose the lower brightness settings)
  6. Upgrade to OpenOffice 2.4
  7. Install F-Spot Photo Manager
  8. Upgrade to Firefox 3
  9. Flash Player 10RC2 Installation
  10. Upgrading Acer OpenJDK Runtime to Sun Java
  11. Upgrading Acer Mail to Thunderbird
  12. Changing Linpus Desktop Icons
  13. Ten More Tweaks for a new Acer Aspire One
  14. Deselecting Forced Acer Updates
  15. Switch between Acer and XFCE Desktops

Hardware Hacks

  1. Install Internal Bluetooth
  2. Ram Upgrade
  3. Replace SSD with 1.8” PATA HD
  4. A Selection of Additional Disk Space Enhancements
  5. Touchscreen Hack
  6. USB Hub and TV Tuner (badly translated from Swedish by google)

OS X on MSI Wind PC (Video source):

Alternative Operating Systems

  1. One Linux (note: still vapourware at the time of writing)
  2. Arch Linux
  3. Ubuntu Netbook-remix
  4. DebianAcerOne
  5. Gentoo Linux
  6. Open SuSE
  7. Foresight Linux
  8. Mac OS X
  9. Windows Vista

Disclaimer: Although I’ve successfully used most of the easier hacks listed here on my Acer Aspire one, I’m not endorsing or guaranteeing the results of anything listed here. I’m quite happy to keep my warranty and to continue running Linpus Lite and not take a soldering iron to the motherboard. If you follow destructions instructions in one of the hairier hacks here and fry, brick or otherwise break your Aspire One… that’s not my fault!!

You can also read my review of Acer Aspire One and Linpus Linux Lite.

Amazing shots of Formula 1's first-ever night race

By Mail On Sunday Reporter

They are bizarre night-time scenes reminiscent of a lavish sci-fi movie set, but these astonishing pictures show the street circuit in Singapore which today hosts Formula 1's first-ever night race.
Enlarge Intense lights brighten the roads during the night-time practice sessions

Intense lights brighten the roads during the night-time driving sessions

As they race, at up to 185mph, the drivers will pass some of Singapore's most famous landmarks, including the Esplanade(1), the dual oblong-shaped arts buildings in the centre of the above photograph.

The glowing circle to the left of the Esplanade is the 541ft-high Singapore Flyer(2), the city state's loftier equivalent of the London Eye, which marks the Start/Finish line.

Along the right-hand straight is the 10,000 seat Padang Grandstand(3).

Behind the grandstand is the Singapore Cricket Club(4), dating from 1852, a symbol of the city's colonial past, where a row of Grand Prix hospitality tents can be seen.

Nearby, the track passes another colonial landmark, St Andrew's Cathedral(5), consecrated ten years later.

McLaren Formula One driver Lewis Hamilton drives past the Old Court House during a practice session

McLaren Formula One driver Lewis Hamilton drives past the Old Court House during a warm up session

The near-daylight conditions around the 3.2-mile track are created by a complex floodlight system comprising 1,500 light projectors attached to 246 pylons,
each 33ft tall, placed at 350-yard intervals around the circuit.

This makes it four times brighter than a floodlit football stadium and so dazzling that the drivers will need to wear special sunglasses.

Power for the lights, linked by 67 miles of cable, is provided by 48 generators churning out 3,180,000 watts - enough to provide electricity for 2,400 apartments.

Ferrari's Felipe Massa on his way to qualifying on pole position

Ferrari's Felipe Massa on his way to qualifying on pole position

Lewis Hamilton looked relaxed just before posting an impressive lap time that put him second on the grid

Hamilton looked relaxed just before posting an impressive lap time that put him second on the grid

Singapore created nearly a mile of new roads for the circuit, plus a permanent pit building and paddock complex costing £22.4million.

The race starts at 1pm UK time, with Brazilian Felipe Massa in pole position and Britain's Lewis Hamilton second on the grid.

Jenson Button drives during the final practice session prior to qualifying at the Marina Bay Street Circuit

Jenson Button drives during the final practice session prior to qualifying at the Marina Bay Street Circuit

singapore

Light fantastic: the Singapore circuit is ready for the off

Green Lantern Movie Starts Shooting Next Spring

by Alex Billington

Green Lantern

Just the other day I went down to my local comic book store to pick up some issues of Mark Millar's War Heroes. While there I got into a discussion with my friend who happens to be a big Green Lantern fan. He had seen that concept art that we posted a while back and said that if it got made, it would be an awesome movie. Earlier today I caught up briefly with producer Donald De Line, who is developing the Green Lantern film, and asked him for an update. He told me that "a new draft of the script came in" and they're "gearing up to start shooting early spring." While it's not confirmed, he added that "it's coming together and I'm excited about it. Hopefully we'll make it to start gate. We're really close - really close."

It sounds like as long as everything continues to stay on track, this will be shooting next year. And that means we'll definitely see that Green Lantern movie that all the fans have been waiting for, or so it sounds like. Latino Review's El Mayimbe got a chance to check out that script that was turned in recently and gave it a very positive review, saying "fanboys are gonna love the shit out of it." His version differs slightly from the one IESB reviewed a month ago as well. You can read El Mayimbe's full review of the script, but I just love this little snippet about the story and want to feature that on its own.

"The structure adheres closely to what I call - the 'superhero origin movie paradigm.' In Green Lantern's case, Hal Jordan has to overcome his selfishness and self pity over the death of his father Martin Jordan which takes place early in the script. Hal Jordan for the first 20 pages or so is a prick. The story follows the Green Lantern origin closely and cinematically speaking – IT WORKS."

It's great to hear that a beloved comic book character is actually getting a worthy adaptation. It sounds like this ain't no Fantastic Four - this is the real deal and this is the real Green Lantern movie that everyone wants to see. De Line confirmed again that Greg Berlanti, of "Everwood" and The Broken Hearts Club, will be directing. I've been anxious for updates on this because I've got a good feeling it's going to be one of the big movies of 2010 and with script reviews and news like this, it's well on its way to becoming that. I know I'm not the only one who is anxiously waiting to find out who they cast as Hal Jordan. And although I'm excited now, I just hope Berlanti can do a good job with such an intergalactic concept.

Discover More: Movie News

Hussman Funds Weekly Market Comment-

You Can't Rescue the Financial System If You Can't Read a Balance Sheet

Never Assume

The Golf Cart From Hell


Yamaha R1-Powered 125 HP Golf Cart Doing Dyno Whee

Take one Yamaha golf cart. Replace its 3.5 horsepower with the monster power plant from a Yamaha R1 superbike. The result is 125 hp at the rear wheels and a vehicle that will do wheelies on the chassis dyno. That's so blisteringly wicked that it defies description. Thankfully, there is video. And here it is.

Bailout Plan Expected to Pass Today- Details Below

NEW YORK (CNNMoney.com) -- President Bush expressed support Monday for the bill that would put up as much as $700 billion to rescue the nation's troubled financial system.

Speaking at the White House, Bush called the proposed measure "an extraordinary agreement to deal with an extraordinary problem."

The bill is scheduled for a House vote later Monday, with Senate action seen on Wednesday, after bipartisan, round-the-clock negotiations throughout the weekend.

Bush said the bill would "help keep the crisis in our financial system from spreading throughout the economy."

He urged House members to support it, saying, "A vote for this bill is a vote to prevent economic damage to you and your community."

Addressing the $700 billion cost, Bush said that "much, if not all, of the taxpayer funds we invest will be paid back."

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, D-Calif., said the provisions added by Congress will protect taxpayers from having to pay for the bailout.

"We sent a message to Wall Street - the party is over," she said at a press conference with Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid, D-Nev., and other Democratic leaders from the House and Senate.

The core of the bill is based on Treasury Secretary Henry Paulson's request for authority to purchase troubled assets from financial institutions so banks can resume lending and so the credit markets, now virtually frozen, can begin to operate more normally.

But Democrats and Republicans - concerned about the potential taxpayer cost - have added several conditions and restrictions to protect taxpayers on the down side and give them a chance at some of the potential upside if the companies benefit from the plan. "People have to know that this isn't about a bailout of Wall Street. It's a buy-in so we can turn our economy around," Pelosi said.

Key negotiators for the financial rescue plan will be busy trying to line up votes on Capitol Hill on Sunday to support the accord they reached soon after midnight. House Majority Leader Steny Hoyer, D-Md., told CNN he believes a majority of representatives on both sides of the aisle can and will support the bill.

On Sunday evening, the House Republican working group, which was stringently opposed to earlier drafts of the plan and offered a counterproposal, indicated it would support the bill, and its members are encouraging other Republicans in the House to do the same.

"Nobody wants to have to support this bill, but it's a bill that we believe will avert the crisis that's out there," House Minority Leader John Boehner, R-Ohio, told reporters.

Key provisions of the bill


Doling the money out: The $700 billion would be disbursed in stages, with $250 billion made available immediately for the Treasury's use. Authority to use the money would expire on Dec. 31, 2009, unless Congress certifies a one-year extension.

Protecting taxpayers: The ultimate cost to the taxpayer is not expected to be near the amount the Treasury invests in the program. That's because the government would buy assets that have underlying value.

If the Treasury pays fair market value - which investors have had a hard time determining - taxpayers stand a chance to break even or even make a profit if those assets throw off income or appreciate in value by the time the government sells them. If it overpays for the assets, the government could be left with a net loss but would get something back on the open market for the assets when it eventually sells them.

If it ends up with a net loss, however, the bill says the president must propose legislation to recoup money from the financial industry if the rescue plan results in net losses to taxpayers five years after the plan is enacted.

In addition, Treasury would be allowed to take ownership stakes in participating companies.

Stemming foreclosures: The bill calls for the government, as an owner of a large number of mortgage securities, to exert influence on loan servicers to modify more troubled loans.

In cases where the government buys troubled mortgage loans directly from banks, it can adjust them more easily.

Limiting executive pay: Curbs would be placed on the compensation of executives at companies that sell mortgage assets to Treasury. Among them, companies that participate will not be able to deduct the salary they pay to executives above $500,000.

They also will not be allowed to write new contracts that allow for "golden parachutes" for their top 5 executives if they are fired or the company goes belly up. But the executives' current contracts, which may include golden parachutes, would still stand.

Overseeing the program: The bill would establish two oversight boards.

The Financial Stability Oversight Board would be charged with ensuring the policies implemented protect taxpayers and are in the economic interests of the United States. It will include the Federal Reserve chairman, the Securities and Exchange Commission chairman, the Federal Home Finance Agency director, the Housing and Urban Development secretary and the Treasury secretary.

A congressional oversight panel would be charged with reviewing the state of financial markets, the regulatory system and the Treasury's use of its authority under the rescue plan. Sitting on the panel would be 5 outside experts appointed by House and Senate leaders.

Insuring against losses: Treasury must establish an insurance program - with risk-based premiums paid by the industry - to guarantee companies' troubled assets, including mortgage-backed securities, purchased before March 14, 2008.

The amount the Treasury would spend to cover losses minus company-paid premiums would come out of the $700 billion the Treasury is allowed to use for the rescue plan.
Far-reaching program

Paulson first announced the administration would seek an economic bailout plan on Sept. 18, after meeting with key lawmakers in the House and Senate - a meeting that left lawmakers looking ashen when they spoke to the press afterwards.

If enacted, the rescue plan would be the most dramatic and extensive government intervention in the economy since the Great Depression. President Bush on Sept. 24 gave a prime-time address to the nation in which he urged lawmakers to pass his plan and warned that the "entire economy is in danger."

The aim of the rescue is to unfreeze the credit markets - short-term lending among banks and corporations. The core of the problem is bad real estate loans that have led to record foreclosures when the housing bubble burst and home prices declined.

In the past two weeks, the banking world and Wall Street have been reordered by a wave of collapses and corporate mergers. The most recent development was the seizure by federal regulators on Thursday night of Washington Mutual, once the nation's largest thrift and a major mortgage lender.

The chill of the credit freeze has been felt far beyond Wall Street, as well. Businesses large and small have seen the cost of borrowing spike higher.

At the same time, the scale of the administration's plan - and the quick pace of the debate over it - has given pause to many Americans and lawmakers worried about its potential cost to taxpayers.

"We begin with a very important task, a task to stabilize the markets, to protect all Americans - and do it in a way that protects the taxpayer to the maximum extent possible," Paulson said early Sunday morning.

Midnight Drags- GT-R vs CL65 vs M5

Listen to the popular media — you know, media that's not obsessed with cars — and you'd believe internal combustion had run its course. To them, blowing up fuel inside cylinders is just so 20th century. What we should all be excited about is alternatives like hydrogen fuel cells and cars that run on batteries made from toenail clippings and coconut milk. As for me? I'm still in love with internal combustion.

I love the sound of an engine as every cylinder fires to produce a symphony of explosions. I love hearing the air being sucked in through an induction system. I love how a big V8's exhaust will rattle glass out of windowpanes when you start it in the morning. And there's simply nothing better than the thrust of an engine as it accelerates into its torque-rich sweet spot and your molars feel as if they've been pushed back into your spine. Nope, nothing else quite matches the good old internal combustion engine.

Except, of course, a jet. I could really go for a jet car.

Street Race: R35 GT-R vs. CL65 vs. M5




Just as Japanese culture has the rigidly formal Kabuki theatre, so we have the midnight street racing video. The camera work has to be a little shaky. The cars have to be painted black so they're a bit tough to pick up against the night sky. And they all have to feature the sound of the guys in one car giggling with glee.

Well, these two are near-perfect examples of the midnight street racing videos genre. Compensating for their strict adherence to form, however, is the fact that the cars racing are a new "R35" Nissan GT-R, a new Mercedes-Benz CL65 and a newer BMW M5 (the vehicle from which the videos were shot). So that's a twin-turbo V6 vs. a twin-turbo V12 vs. a high-revving V10. And that's enough internal combustion variety for me.

MTM Supercharged R8




The 2008 Audi R8 MTM is a real Audi supercar, a raging, supercharged, 552-horsepower monster. We've been waiting to see if the R8 could evolve into something with enough brass to take on the Lamborghini supercars to which it owes its basic mechanical platform, and this car proves the R8 has the right kind of sports car DNA.

Until now we've only been able to guess at Audi's intentions for the R8 through a spy camera, as details and impressions of the Audi R8 TDI Le Mans, the R8 concept car powered by a 500-hp V12 diesel, have leaked out so slowly that the process is like water torture. Fortunately, Roland Mayer's Motoren Technik Mayer (MTM) outfit in Wettstetten, Germany, has taken up the challenge of improving the basic R8.

This is more than an imitation Lamborghini Gallardo. Thanks to supercharging, the 2008 Audi R8 MTM offers Lamborghini-caliber output from the 4.2-liter Audi V8, some 552 hp and 428 pound-feet of torque. The MTM-modified R8 is also more refined and even more comfortable than anything from the house of the Raging Bull in Sant'Agata, Italy.

Of course image is a curious thing, so spending $55,000 on extra hardware for an Audi of any kind would be a brave call. And this one in particular isn't the prettiest specimen. But for those who want the go without the full-on Italian show, you could just order up MTM's $26,000 engine conversion without the window dressing.

Supercar Surge
As we steer the 2008 Audi R8 MTM onto the track at Hockenheim, the 2.8-mile road-racing circuit used for the Grand Prix of Germany, the burbling V8 rips into life with a stab of throttle and the car explodes down the road like pipe-bomb shrapnel. If this is a glimpse into the future of the R8, then the Lamborghini Gallardo should be more than just scared — it should be rocking and crying in the shower.

Roland Mayer's people claim the MTM-modified R8 accelerates to 100 km/h (62 mph) in 3.9 seconds, but this car feels far faster than that, as if MTM is trying to be politically correct and not suggest that its car humiliates the standard Audi R8. But when MTM says its car gets to 200 km/h (124 mph) in just 12.5 seconds, then you realize just how powerful this car really is. The speed keeps coming all the way to 197 mph.

A twin-screw supercharger is the key to the power boost, and it delivers a wave of torque from tickover at idle all the way to redline. The result is the kind of surging accelerative force we've come to expect from upper-echelon supercars.

This bolt-on, Swedish-made Lysholm supercharger produces just 5.8 psi, so it does not require a lower compression ratio and the extensive engine rebuild that would ensue. Meanwhile, a Swedish-made Laminova intercooler is also a bolt-on proposition, a self-contained air-to-water system that's built into the intake manifold. Because the length of the intake ducts remains unchanged, there's minimal loss of boost pressure. The result is a compact system that's easy to package in the R8's already crowded engine bay, plus the twin-screw supercharger minimizes mechanical drag for the free-revving engine while the compact intake tract ensures sharper throttle response.

With 428 lb-ft of torque, the MTM-modified V8 pulls from any revs, and the exhaust note changes from a guttural rumble to the hollow bark of a racecar as the tachometer climbs the scale. While running the R8 MTM through town on the way to the track, unburned fuel in the exhaust catches and ignites with a pop. This particular R8 MTM has a six-speed manual transmission, so it's even more fun, although the R8's Lamborghini-sourced single-clutch automated manual transmission will make up the vast majority of R8 sales. That's a shame, because this manual transmission with its short throws and sharp, metallic clacks as the lever moves through the gates is as good as any manual transmission in the supercar business.

The Edge of Reason
The 2008 Audi R8 comes fitted with Dephi's MagneRide dampers, technology that has expanded from General Motors to the whole supercar world including the Ferrari 599 GTB, and yet MTM isn't entirely happy with the present calibration. Though this car walked away from a Gallardo Superleggera — Lamborghini's best-handling car — in a recent track test, the Audi's driver emerged pale-faced and shaking.

The Audi R8's suspension is relatively soft in order to deliver a calm, compliant ride that's suited to everyday use, but the car feels edgy at the limit due to roll oversteer. MTM's Roland Mayer is confident that stiffer sport springs and some minor alignment adjustments are all that's required to take the edge off this beast.

Stay away from track-based shenanigans, though, and the Audi feels as well composed as Mozart's best, as this all-wheel-drive sports car feeds power to the front tires at the first sight of a slide. The big Michelin Pilot Sport Cup tires on forged 20-inch Bimoto wheels add a touch of muscle to the process of turning into a corner, but otherwise the MTM is as usable for everyday driving as the standard R8. Of course, the R8 MTM is louder than Inglostadt's finest and the special $6,100 sport seats are firmer, yet this is still a car that can handle the rush hour before letting loose on a cross-country thrash.

If Looks Could Kill
The MTM version of the R8 looks just like you'd expect a $55,000 conversion from a Bavarian tuning company to look, and the carbon-fiber film that covers the R8's side blade isn't exactly to our taste.

Nevertheless, the carbon-fiber aero splitter, extended rocker-sill skirts and rooftop spoiler add a certain visual edge to the softly sculpted Audi. There's a rear aero diffuser for a measure of downforce, plus a glass engine cover so you can peer at the wondrous supercharged V8. Overall this car is a match for the Audi R8 TDI Le Mans in terms of visual strength.

Taken on its merits, the 2008 Audi R8 MTM is an intriguing idea, and the thought of the simple engine conversion in a stock Audi R8 should make any owner of a Lamborghini Gallardo consider his options.

Yet the R8 MTM is more than this; this is a glimpse into the not-too-distant future. The R10 with its 500-hp V10 engine looks like it will appear next year, and we shouldn't have to wait much longer for the difficult conversion to the V12 turbodiesel. Audi is definitely in the supercar business.

The raging bull of Lamborghini is going to have to do something very special indeed to avoid being put to the sword by its own master.

Sunday, September 28, 2008

Paul Newman, 1925-2008


Paul Newman's profession was acting, but his passion was racing. He has died at age 83 after a battle with lung cancer that had been well-documented in many of the tabloids these past two years, but he faced his illness the same way he lived his life: quietly, and with dignity.

Arguably the most talented of the celebrities-turned-race drivers — and inarguably the most successful — Newman raced sports cars at Daytona, Le Mans and Sebring. He began racing rather late in life because, he said, "It's the first thing that I ever found I had any grace in. I'm not a very graceful person."

Newman said his favorite sound was "a V-8 engine,"

He Lost It at the Movies
Paul Newman first got serious about motorsports in 1968 while making Winning (1969), which revolved around the 1968 Indianapolis 500, but he wasn't really able to begin racing until four years later. He picked up his basic skills in a Lotus Elan, purchased an ex-Bob Sharp Datsun 510, then finally took an ex-Group 44 Triumph TR-6 to a hard-fought class championship in the Sports Car Club of America (SCCA) run-offs at Road Atlanta in 1976. SCCA race fans at his home track of Lime Rock Park began to wear T-shirts with the slogan, "Paul Newman Has Skinny Legs."

Newman said, "I was never a great driver — I started racing when I was 47 years old — but I got to be pretty good. I was a pretty good driver for about five years."

Newman moved on to a Bob Sharp-prepared Datsun 280ZX Turbo in 1977. After winning his first SCCA national championship for Sharp in 1979, Newman said, "This is better than the Oscars." He reportedly refused payment and instead suggested that his compensation should be product from the car's primary sponsor -- Budweiser. Newman went on to become No. 1 driver for Datsun's effort in the professional SCCA Trans-Am racing series.

Racing as a Team
But it is likely in his role as team owner that Newman had his largest impact on racing. He first sponsored a car in the 1967 Can-Am, the Ford-powered, Holman Moody-built Honker II. It was not a good racecar, and driver Mario Andretti commented, "Why don't you put my name on the nose and let Newman drive it."

A decade later, Newman-Freeman Racing fielded one of the era's re-bodied Lolas in the 1979 Can-Am championship with Budweiser sponsorship. Newman subsequently also became a partner in Bob Sharp's sports-car team. In 1983 he partnered with Can-Am rival Carl Haas in the CART Indycar series to field a car for Mario Andretti. Michael Andretti joined the team in 1989.

Newman-Haas won eight championships and 107 races in Indycar racing. After the notorious fracture in open-wheel racing between CART and the IRL in 1996, Newman refused to participate in IRL racing or attend the Indianapolis 500, but he relented after the things were resolved this year. In 2007, Newman and Haas also took on Mike Lanigan as a partner in the team, which won two events in the IRL series this year.

An Unlikely Profession
Born Paul Leonard Newman on January 26, 1925, in Shaker Heights, Ohio, Newman would inherit his father's sporting goods store. But after serving in the U.S. Navy Air Corps in World War II, Newman found the business boring. He sold his interest to his brother and enrolled in college as a drama major. "I wasn't driven to acting by an inner compulsion," he once said. "I was running away from the sporting goods business."

He worked on radio, appeared on Broadway, and in 1954, made his motion picture debut in a film called The Silver Chalice, a movie so grim that he subsequently apologized for it by placing an ad in a trade publication.

After his second film, Somebody Up There Likes Me, playing boxer Rocky Graziano in a part originally intended for James Dean, Newman had no more apologies to make. His long list of hits includes Hud, Cat on a Hot Tin Roof, Cool Hand Luke, The Hustler, The Sting, Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid, The Hudsucker Proxyand The Verdict. He won an Oscar for The Color of Money. Between 1963 and 1986, Newman was one of the top 10 moneymaking movie stars for 14 years. He formally retired from acting in May 2007.

Among the last of Newman's 60-odd movie roles was as the voice of "Doc Hudson," a 1951 Hudson Hornet in the Pixar-animated, NASCAR-inspired hit, Cars (2006). "I did it mostly because I knew it would be good," he said. "That it was about racing was just a bonus."

A Racing Resumé
Newman developed his skills as a sports car driver in SCCA racing, and made a point of paying his dues. He followed his first SCCA national title in 1976 in the D-Production category with a C-Production class championship in 1979. He was GT-1 champion in both 1985 and 1986.

Newman began his entry into top-class professional racing with a 5th-place finish in the 24 Hours of Daytona in 1977 with a Ferrari Daytona. After experience in the Trans-Am, he co-drove a Porsche 935 with Dick Barbour to 2nd place at the 24 Hours of Le Mans. He scored his first professional victory at a Trans-Am race in 1982 at Brainerd, Minnesota, with his Sharp-prepared Datsun Z-car. His second career Trans-Am win came in 1986 with a Corvette at his "home" track at Lime Rock Park in Connecticut.

Perhaps Newman's highest-profile race victory came at the 1995 Rolex 24 Hours of Daytona, where he won the GTS class at the age of 70 while co-driving a Roush Racing-prepared Mustang. In 1999, he tested a Richard Childress-owned Winston Cup stock car at Daytona at over 184 mph. He raced in the 2000 and 2001 Rolex 24 Hours of Daytona, and raced in the SCCA's GT-1 class in 2002 and 2003. In '03, for the first time in nine years, he competed in the SCCA's Trans Am Series, and finished 5th at Lime Rock. In 2004 he was back for the 24 Hours of Daytona, and that November, he joined Pikes Peak Hill Climb Winners Rod Millen and Jeff Zwart in a Team Centrix entry of the Baja Challenge class for the Tecate SCORE Baja 1000, finishing 4th.

Back at the 24 Hours of Daytona in 2005 racing season, Newman co-drove a Crawford-Ford at age 80. But perhaps his most publicized race in 2005 was his win over Tonight Show host Jay Leno after the two competed in a go-kart race backstage on Leno's set. He won again when he returned to the show in 2006.

Climbing the Podium
Newman's appearances at races grew more and more infrequent after 2006, and he looked undeniably frail last May when he showed up in Indianapolis for the Indy 500 festivities. He was there to support his drivers, Graham Rahal and Justin Wilson, as they competed in the first Indy 500 since Champ Car merged with the Indy Racing League.

He saw both Rahal and Wilson score wins in 2008 in the Indy Racing League, the only drivers from the defunct Champ Car series to beat the IRL regulars. "This is the most satisfying win of my career," Wilson said after his September win at the Detroit Grand Prix. "This one means a lot. This one is for you, Paul."

Aside from racing, Newman was also interested in cars in general, but unlike some celebrities, he did not have an enormous collection of vintage automobiles. He was more famous for his Volvo station wagons powered by V8 engines, some of them supercharged. Newman also inadvertently popularized Rolex watches after wearing a Daytona model on-screen in Winning, and a Daytona with a complex dial is still known as a Paul Newman model by Rolex insiders.

Racing to the Flag
In August, Newman turned up at Lime Rock Park to take some laps in his Chevrolet Corvette GT-1 car. Though Internet rumors suggested the track was closed down for the aging driver, it wasn't. Track personnel just worked him into the schedule, much as they had for decades when he would call and ask for a little track time.

Still, those in attendance knew it could be his last time around, and likely Newman knew it, too. "I will continue to get behind the wheel of a racing car as long as I am able," he said several years ago. "But that could all end tomorrow."

This was Paul Newman: "You can't be as old as I am without waking up with a surprised look on your face every morning. 'Holy Christ, what do you know — I'm still around!' It's absolutely amazing that I survived all the booze and smoking, and the cars, and the career.