November 5th marks the anniversary of the Gunpowder Plot, when Catholic explosive expert Guy Fawkes tried to blow up the Houses of Parliament and Britons everywhere set fire to things
Remember, remember the 5th of November...Photo: Rex Features
Bonfire Night commemorates the failure of the Gunpowder Plot in November 1605 by a gang of Roman Catholic activists led by Warwickshire-born Robert Catesby.
When Protestant King James I acceded to the throne, English Catholics had hoped that the persecution they had felt for over 45 years under Queen Elizabeth would finally end. When this didn't transpire, a group of conspirators resolved to assassinate the King and his ministers by blowing up the Palace of Westminster during the state opening of Parliament.
Guy (Guido) Fawkes and his fellow conspirators, having rented out a house closed to the Houses of Parliament, managed to smuggle 36 barrels of gunpowder into a cellar of the House of Lords - enough to completely destroy the building.
(Physicists from the Institute of Physics later calculated that the 2,500kg of gunpowder beneath Parliament would have obliterated an area 500 metres from the centre of the explosion).
Guy Fawkes foiled!
The scheme began to unravel when an anonymous letter was sent to the William Parker, the 4th Baron Monteagle, warning him not to avoid the House of Lords.
The letter (which could well have been sent by Lord Monteagle's brother-in-law Francis Tresham), was made public and this led to a search of Westminster Palace in the early hours of November 5th.
Explosive expert Fawkes, who had been left in the cellars to set off the fuse, was subsequently caught when a group of guards discovered him at the last moment.
Fawkes was arrested, sent to the Tower of London and tortured until he gave up the names of his fellow plotters and Lord Monteagle was rewarded with £500 plus £200 worth of lands for his service in protecting the crown.
Who were the Gunpowder Plot conspirators?
Guy Fawkes, Thomas Bates, Robert and Thomas Wintour, Thomas Percy, Christopher and John Wright, Francis Tresham, Everard Digby, Ambrose Rookwood, Robert Keyes, Hugh Owen, John Grant and the man who organised the whole plot - Robert Catesby.
The conspirators were all either killed resisting capture or - like Fawkes - tried, convicted, and executed.
The traditional death for traitors in 17th-century England was to be hanged, drawn and quartered in public. But, despite his role in the Gunpowder Plot, this proved not to be the 35-year-old Fawkes's fate.
As he awaited his punishment on the gallows, Fawkes leapt off the platform to avoid having his testicles cut off, his stomach opened and his guts spilled out before his eyes.
Mercifully for him, he died from a broken neck but his body wassubsequently quartered, and his remains were sent to "the four corners of the kingdom" as a warning to others.
The aftermath
Following the failed plot, Parliament declared November 5th a national day of thanksgiving, and the first celebration of it took place in 1606.
After the Gunpowder Plot, King James sought to control non-conforming English Catholics in England. In May 1606, Parliament passed 'The Popish Recusants Act' which required any citizen to take an oath of allegiance denying the Pope's authority over the king.
Observance of the 5th November Act, passed within months of the plot, made church attendance compulsory on that day and by the late 17th Century, the day had gained a reputation for riotousness and disorder and anti-Catholicism. William of Orange's birthday (November 4th) was also conveniently close.
"Change was effected by a brutal battle of attrition fought with hangings, burnings, and bloodshed, in England and on the continent."
Guy Fawkes Day today
The Houses of Parliament are still searched by the Yeomen of the Guard before the state opening, which has been held in November since 1928. The idea is to ensure no modern-day Guy Fawkes is hiding in the cellars with a bomb, although it is more ceremonial than serious. And they do it with lanterns.
Beefeaters carrying out the Ceremonial Search on the State Opening of Paliament
The cellar that Fawkes tried to blow up no longer exists. In 1834 it was destroyed in a fire which devastated the medieval Houses of Parliament.
Guy Fawkes Day is celebrated in the United Kingdom, and in a number of countries that were formerly part of the British Empire, with fireworks, bonfires and parades. Straw dummies representing Fawkes are tossed on the bonfire, as well as those of contemporary political figures.
Dummies have been burned on bonfires since as long ago as the 13th century, initially to drive away evil spirits. Following the Gunpowder Plot, the focus of the sacrifices switched to Guy Fawkes' treason.
Matt cartoon, 3 November
Traditionally, these effigies called 'guys', are carried through the streets in the days leading up to Guy Fawkes Day and children ask passers-by for “a penny for the guy.”
Today the word 'guy' is a synonym for 'a man' but originally it was a term for an "repulsive, ugly person" in reference to Fawkes.
The fireworks represent the explosives that were never used by the plotters.
Men, women and children run through the streets of Ottery St Mary, Devon carrying burning barrels soaked in tar in an age-old Bonfire night tradition
Only Ottregians - those born in the town, or who have lived there for most of their lives - may carry a barrel.
Lewes, in southeastern England, is the site of a celebration of Guy Fawkes Day that has a distinctly local flavour, involving six bonfire societies whose memberships are grounded in family history stretching back for generations.
Bonfire societies parade through the streets during the Bonfire Night celebrations on November 5, 2013 in Lewes, Sussex in England
The only place in the UK that does not celebrate Guy Fawkes Night is his former school St. Peter’s in York.
They refuse to burn a guy out of respect for one of their own.
Remember, remember, there are fireworks going off all over the country this week. Here are the best.
Remember the firework code!
Fireworks should be enjoyed at a safe distance and adults should deal with firework displays and the lighting of fireworks. They should also take care of the safe disposal of fireworks once they have been used.
Here are the 10 rules to follow
Plan your firework display to make it safe and enjoyable.
Keep fireworks in a closed box and use them one at a time.
Read and follow the instructions on each firework using a torch if necessary.
Light the firework at arm's length with a taper and stand well back.
Keep naked flames, including cigarettes, away from fireworks.
Never return to a firework once it has been lit.
Don't put fireworks in pockets and never throw them.
Direct any rocket fireworks well away from spectators.
Never use paraffin or petrol on a bonfire.
Make sure that the fire is out and surroundings are made safe before leaving.
Make sure your pets are safe
As Guy Fawkes night approaches, animal welfare groups have issued warnings to pet owners: this can be a frightening and even dangerous time of year for pets.
Remember, remember, the fifth of November Gunpowder treason and plot We see no reason Why Gunpowder treason Should ever be forgot ….
Who invented fireworks?
During the 10th century a Chinese cook discovered how to make explosive black powder when he accidentally mixed three kitchen ingredients – potassium nitrate or saltpetre (a salt substitute used in the curing of meat), sulphur and charcoal.
The cook noticed that if the concoction was burned when enclosed in the hollow of a bamboo shoot, there was a tremendous explosion.
Fireworks arrived in Europe in the 14th century and were first produced by the Italians. The first recorded display was in Florence and the first recorded fireworks in England were at the wedding of King Henry VII in 1486.
The word ‘bonfire’ is said to derive from 'bone-fire', from a time when the corpses of witches, heretics and other nonconformists were burned on a pyre instead of being buried in consecrated ground.
Big bang theory
In 2005, 1000 kg (2204 pounds) of gunpowder stored in 36 wooden barrels was used to blow up a replica of the 1605 Westminster 'House of Parliament' to demonstrate the damage it might have caused.
'Anonymous' protests
Political activists sometimes wear Guy Fawkes masks to protect their identity.
These masks were inspired by Alan Moore's dystopian 'V for Vendetta', the 1988 graphic novel which is loosely based on the story of Guy Fawkes.
Isla Guy Fawkes (also known as Guy Fawkes Island) is a collection of two crescent shaped islands and two small rocks north-west of Santa Cruz Island, in the Galápagos Islands, which are part of Ecuador.
Traditional Bonfire Night food
The traditional cake eaten on Bonfire Night is Parkin Cake, a sticky cake containing a mix of oatmeal, treacle, syrup and ginger.
Yorkshire Parkin is a gingerbreaad cake traditionally eaten in early November
Proper parkin is a dark, sticky cake-cum-flapjack, not just a gingerbread. It’s good warm with custard as a pudding, perhaps with some poached pears, too.
4 1/2oz /125g butter
4oz/110g caster sugar
5oz/ 140g black treacle
4oz/ 110g golden syrup
8oz/225g medium oatmeal or porridge oats blended in a food processor to a coarse sandy consistency
4oz/ 110g self-raising flour
3 tsp ground ginger
1 tsp ground mixed spice
Pinch of salt
2 eggs, beaten
1 tbsp milk
Preheat the oven to 140C/Gas 1. Grease and line a 20cmx20cm cake tin.
Put the butter, sugar, treacle and syrup and heat gently until the butter is melted. Don’t let it boil.
Mix the oats, flour, ginger, spice and salt together in a bowl and add the contents of the pan, stirring well until the dry ingredients are well coated.
Mix in the eggs and milk. Scrape the mixture into the prepared baking tin. Bake for an hour, checking often that it doesn’t get too dark on top (cover it with paper or foil if it threatens to burn).
Leave to cool in the tin, then wrap it well and store in an airtight container. If you can leave it a few days, so much the better – it’ll get stickier with time.
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Posted by Mike Swick on Saturday, October 31, 2015
Are touchscreen TVs the future of home entertainment?
There's big business in creating TV-sized touchscreens. Microsoft, for instance, developed theSurface Hub, a digital whiteboard for conference rooms. It's likely only a matter of time before Apple follows suit with a full-size iPad orApple TVwitha touch-enabled remote.
But Touchjet, the company behind the Pond pico projector, has other plans.
Instead of buying a touch-enabled screen that might be able to function as a standard TV, it plans on turning your tube into a massive Android 4.4 Kitkat-powered touchscreen using the same technology you'd find in your remote.
An infrared sensor is embedded in a camera that sits on top of the TV and plugs into the back of your screen via an HDMI cable. After tracking your finger movements using infrared light, the data is then interpreted by a processor and transformed into touch gestures that Android can process. Once calibrated, the sensor transforms your TV into a digital easel, an office whiteboard or an impossibly large Candy Crush playing field.
The whole setup is called the Wave, and Touchjet's plans are to bring it to market by March 2016 after holding a 60-day crowdfunding campaign on IndieGoGo. The goal is to reach the $100,000 Touchjet needs to refine and enhance Wave's design and feature set.
I spoke to Helen Thomas, an educational entrepreneur and Touchjet's CEO, about the technology, specifically about how it can add to the home entertainment experience and the concerns I had about touching (and potentially damaging) my 60-inch flatscreen at home.
The 'touch everything' generation
The toughest question came first: In a world with Rokus, Apple TVs and Chomecasts galore, what can touch capability possibly add that makes it a viable option over the competition?
Thomas, an affable leader at companies like Leapfrog and LiveScribe before she came to Touchjet eight months ago, responded in turn with a story about her kids.
"This is the experience of the future. It's all interactive, and kids understand touch," she said. "I have two kids myself and everything is under their fingertips today, so why not offer them a larger experience?"
She pointed to games like 2048, Angry Birds and Candy Crush, as well as apps like The Cat in the Hat by Dr. Seuss and Netflix. She sees the potential for children and parents to bond over interactive content, and families to share in a community experience, something that doesn't happen to same extent with other auxiliary home entertainment devices.
Even better, because the system is built on Android instead of a proprietary operating system, it works seamlessly with any of the 1.3 million apps on the Google Play Store. This open ecosystem means little restriction on the content you can choose as well as an abundance of pre-packaged features that you're already familiar with.
The Wave, Thomas believes, will have uses outside the home as well.
Businesses already equipped with flatscreens in conference rooms could utilize the Wave as a presentation tool, highlighting numbers or zooming in on specific areas of a slide, something the Wave can also facilitate.
Sharing, streaming and collaborating in the 21st century
But before businesses can send images to the big screen, they're going to need an app that can facilitate the transferring of files from a phone to Wave.
The app in question is well under way, but wasn't ready to show off during my hands on demo.
The app's purpose is two-fold. First, it's meant to be a collaborative tool, a way to show off family photos at home or presentation slides at the office without relinquishing control of your phone. The second is that if you have control over the Wave from your phone, meaning you won't always need to touch - and smudge - your TV screen.
Thomas understands the hesitancy people might have to touch an expensive television, making an app even more important to the overall experience. In addition to the app, Touchjet is packaging every model with a no-touch stylus that allows you to "write" without having to come in physical contact with the screen.
This desire to give users versatility extends to Touchjet's future plans for the Wave, which include eventually adding in a microphone for voice recognition and a built-in camera for Skype calls. Thomas says that these features are in the works, but the company's focus is first to complete the initial run of units and ship them out to backers as soon as possible.
Touchscreen TVs: the future or a passing fad?
What Thomas can't answer, at least at this point, is how much interest there is for this technology. There are signs that people want it for numerous purposes (why else would Microsoft invest in the Surface Hub or Apple in its touch-sensitive remote?), but the Wave is exploring unknown territory.
My early demo was revealing. Small visual cues like adding a white circle around the spot on the screen where your finger is touching show that real thought has gone into the project, even at its early stage. That said, recognition isn't always perfect and sometimes required me to swipe more than once to get the Wave to register a touch. But the technology is enticing and cutting edge. Toss in voice control and a built-in camera, and Wave could open up a new market for must-own TV peripherals.
The Wave's IndieGoGo campaign runs from August 11 until September 12, and the first batch of sensors can be purchased for $119 (about £76, AU$163). Should Touchjet reach its $100,000 goal, units will ship starting in March 2016.
A wet microburst is an extremely localized and powerful downdraft of air and rain that sometimes occurs during thunderstorms. This video captures some in action, and you can see just how much water is dumped in a short period of time, and watch how it "ripples out" as it hits the ground.
The plans for my proposal actually started a few weeks after we started
dating. Allison and I were at my brother’s house where he was showing us
pictures of a waterfall in El Salvador. Allison mentioned that she had never
been or seen a waterfall. At this moment, I knew if I was going to propose to
her, that it would have to be infront of a waterfall, and it should be
Niagara Falls.
After many long months of planning, I came up with a surprise
trip to Toronto. The idea was to get as close to Niagara Falls, without her
suspecting it, keeping it surprise. I worked with my family, friends, and
co-workers to make this dream engagement a reality.
Working with the Marketing Director at my law firm, I had her make a faux e-mail to the firm, stating that the Red Sox are offering us "Away Game Packages" compliments of the Boston
Red Sox for suite owners. I, of course, won the package to Toronto to see the
Red Sox play the Blue Jays. I planned the whole weekend around her school
vacation calendar, to make sure that she wouldn’t say no to the trip.
Everything went as planned, and we had a fabulous short "company paid"
vacation to Toronto. Allison was under the assumption that we were flying
home Saturday afternoon. While driving to airport, Allison wanted to make
sure that we stopped at a Duty Free shop before crossing the border back into
the USA. What she didn’t know is that I picked a restaurant, which was
directly below the Duty Free Shop at Niagara Falls.
I spent many hours on the phone with the owner finalizing the plan. I hired a cartoonist to draw a
caricature of us sitting on the porch of this restaurant, “The Secret
Garden” with me proposing in the picture. After many phone calls, e-mails
of pictures of us, and proofs. CAROLINES-CARICATURES had a wonderful finished
product.
During lunch, Caroline and her friend, who are real native Niagara Falls locals, played the role incredibly! Allison loves talking to local artists. Caroline introduced herself as a local artist; and
asked if we would mind her drawing us. We both agreed, and she then presented
us with a quick caricature of us. Caroline continued to speak to us. She
then finally asked if we would be interested in seeing a piece that she was
working on for a wedding gift with color. She then handed me the picture and
I then passed it to Allison, got down on one knee and asked her to Marry Me.
I then placed my custom platinum 6-prong Tiffany style ring on her finger.
She was beyond shocked; the biggest surprise to her was that we were actually
flying out the next night, and she could enjoy Niagara including a honeymoon
suite overlooking the falls.
BySIMON TOMLINSON
From: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/ These haunting photographs capture decaying elements of American society by documenting the factories, schools and churches abandoned over time. Taken by Matthew Christopher, who lives in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, the collection of pictures show a variety of empty buildings in various states of disrepair. Some buildings appear untouched, with all of its furnishings absolute pristine, while others depict how nature has reclaimed the buildings and turned them into ruins.
Gathering rust: The derelict blast furnace of the Carrie Furnaces in Rankin, Pennsylvania, which have been left abandoned since they were shut down in 1982
Decaying: The Carries Furnace are among dozens of abandoned buildings documented by Philadelphia photographer Matthew Christopher
Doing time alone: The rusting cell blocks of Essex County Jail in Newark, New Jersey, which have been unused since the prison closed in 1970 when a new one was built
Ruins: A building of the Julia de Burgos Magnet Middle School in Philadelphia, which was left to deteriorate after systematic neglect before closing in 2002
Matthew, 35, began his journey to document abandoned sites a decade ago while researching the decline of the state hospital system.
Matthew said: 'I want to be able to convey the respect, appreciation and awe that I have for the locations I visit. Trying to tell someone about a place conveys so little compared to being able to show it to them.
'My favourite part of exploring ruins is that to me, it is peaceful. I can focus on what I am seeing and experiencing rather than being wrapped up in my thoughts all the time.
'Discovering new or intriguing places, finding something you know not many people have seen, or managing to get permission to somewhere you'd really like to see are also a lot of fun.
An undisclosed prison: Matthew says he likes discovering 'new or intriguing places, finding something you know not many people have seen'
Crumbling: Matthew's focus has broadened to include the ruins of American churches like this undisclosed one, schools, theatre, hospitals and hotels
Out of service: An organ sits among the debris inside the disused Church of the Assumption in Philadelphia
Mission statement: Realising that words alone could not adequately convey the condition of these buildings, Matthew embarked on a journey to photograph them
A cafeteria at undisclosed prison: Matthew says his job is sometimes scary, especially if a place is structurally unstable
'These places also help me appreciate the comforts of the waking world when I return to it.
Realising that words alone could not adequately convey the harsh realities of institutional care, Matthew embarked on a journey to visit and photograph the crumbling state schools and asylums all over the U.S.
Ten years later, Matthew's focus has broadened to include the ruins of American infrastructure, industry, churches, schools, theaters, hospitals, prisons, resorts and hotels.
He Added: 'The Baltimore Gas and Electric's Westport Power Station was a favourite of mine, but I love different things about each place I've visited.
Treading the (rotting) boards: The interior of an undisclosed theatre shows the wide variety of buildings and institutions that have been abandoned for various reasons
The show can't go on: This theatre appears in far better condition than others, suggesting it has only recently been emptied
Flaking: Matthew has gained international attention and is considered a leading expert on urban blight and efforts to preserve America's endangered architectural history
Hardly five-star: Flaking ceiling and peeling wallpaper inside a room at an abandoned hotel, whose identity has not been revealed
'Sometimes it can get scary, especially if a place is really structurally unstable, that would probably be my biggest concern. I also don't want to get murdered for my camera gear or arrested.
'There have been several occasions where I have had close calls with security and police, but thankfully nothing that has ever proven to be a long-term issue.
'I try to be very quiet and careful to avoid anybody when I am photographing a location, and if I do run into anyone am polite and respectful, I try to get across the fact that I am not vandalizing, damaging, or stealing anything. I have been lucky that so far that has been enough.
From Taunton State Hospital in Massachusetts to the US Air Force's aircraft graveyard in Tucson, Arizona, Matt's extensive collection of derelict sites is one of the largest ever amassed.
Where time stands still: An abandoned clothing factory still with all the machinery on tables as if it were left yesterday
Forgotten over time: A building once owned by the Packard motor car company, which produced its last vehicle in 1958
End of an era: Packard was founded by James Ward Packard and his brother William Doud Packard in the city of Warren, Ohio, in 1899
An unnamed retirement home: Matthew says he is lucky to have a family that has been very supportive of his work all along
His work has gained international attention and he is considered a leading expert on urban blight and the efforts to preserve America's endangered architectural history.
'I do quite a bit of research about the locations to try to find them. I also get tips from people who follow my work, and network with others who have similar interests.
'I am very fortunate to have a fantastic family that has never discouraged me from doing what I do and has been very supportive of it all along.
A trolley graveyard: Matthew, 35, began his journey to document abandoned sites a decade ago while researching the decline of the state hospital system
Heritage hero: Matthew says his goal is to find new ways to makes sites more accessible and raise money for maintenance and restoration efforts
Looking at the bigger picture: Photographer Matthew Christopher (pictured) is trying to find ways to preserve America's decaying architecture
'Many of my friends are the same way, although there are certainly those that just don't find it interesting or follow it as much and we get along for other reasons.
'My current goal is figuring out new ways to make sites more accessible and raise funds for site maintenance or restoration efforts, as well as continuing to add to the amount of locations I photograph.
'I am typically pretty busy, always working out how to take things one step further and help people understand what is so important about them, both historically and in terms of their cultural significance to our own era.'
.
All you art collectors out there. Here is a chance to get a Giclee copy of some of Ian M Sherwin work. Ian is planning on doing a whole series of Marblehead, Massachusetts paintings. His work is amazing.